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Xizang cultural group rejects India’s illegal renaming of 27 places, including birthplace of Sixth Dalai Lama_我的网站

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    Scenery along the Tsawarong-Zayu section of National Highway 219 in Nyingchi, Southwest China's Xizang Autonomous Region Photo: VCG
A Xizang-based cultural research association recently issued a statement firmly rejecting India's recent move to unilaterally rename 27 places in China's Xizang region, saying the action is an attempt to distort history, fabricate geographical claims and undermine China's territorial sovereignty.
Recently, India unilaterally and illegally announced the so-called "standard names" for 27 locations in China's Zangnan, deliberately altering China's established place names and fabricating false geographical designations in an attempt to cement its illegal occupation of the area. In response, the Xizang Tsangyang Gyatso Culture Research Association issued a solemn statement based on historical documents and regional cultural facts, stressing that such actions are illegal and invalid, run counter to historical facts, and cannot be accepted, tibet.cn reported on Thursday.
The Mon-yul, Lhoyu and Zayu areas in Zangnan have been under administration of China's Xizang since ancient times. Successive central governments and local authorities in Xizang have maintained continuous, effective and well-documented governance over the region. The so-called "Arunachal Pradesh" is an illegal administrative entity unilaterally established by India based on the illegal and invalid "McMahon Line," with no historical, legal or cultural basis. China has always firmly refused to recognize it, the association said. 
Place names serve as important carriers of territorial sovereignty, regional history and ethnic cultural heritage. Zangnan is a core area of the culture of the Xizang plateau and the birthplace of the Sixth Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso, the association said. 
The traditional place names in the region have been passed down through generations, documented in historical texts and traced through cultural traditions, serving as vivid cultural evidence of China's territorial sovereignty over the area. India's forced replacement of traditional place names is essentially an attempt to distort history through administrative means, sever cultural links and undermine China's sovereignty. It disregards historical truth and damages the inheritance of civilization, it noted. 
The association firmly supports the authoritative position of the Chinese Foreign Ministry and strongly rejects India's unilateral provocative actions. Any political manipulation aimed at altering place names or fabricating claims of sovereignty cannot change the undeniable fact that Zangnan belongs to China. 
The association will continue to systematically compile historical place names, ancient records and cultural heritage from Zangnan, clarify facts and spread the truth, while resolutely safeguarding territorial integrity and the dignity of regional culture in China's Xizang, it said. 
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B |     　　核心要点亚马逊宣布将于 9 月 30 日关闭众包平台 Mechanical Turk（MTurk，机械土耳其人），该平台为工作者匹配各类小型数字化任务。该平台 2005 年上线，初衷是承接那些对人类来说轻而易举，但对计算机却难度很高的任务。杰夫・贝索斯曾将这项服务称作“人工的人工智能（artificial artificial intelligence）”。　　亚马逊周二表示，公司即将关停已经运营 21 年的众包工作平台 Mechanical Turk。

C | 　　Mechanical Turk 官网公告写道：“我们会定期评估旗下项目、工具与服务，并依据评估结果做出调整。经过评估，我们决定关闭 AWS Mechanical Turk，生效时间为 2026 年 9 月 30 日。”　　MTurk 于 2005 年推出，平台把大量简单数字任务 —— 即所谓人类智能任务（Human Intelligence Tasks，HIT）派发给全球大量工作者，单份任务报酬通常只有几美分。任务类型包含数据标注、音视频转录、填写调查问卷等。　　亚马逊创始人杰夫・贝索斯如此定义这项服务：它把那些人类可以轻松完成、但计算机难以胜任的任务进行外包。　　平台名字源自 18 世纪的 “机械土耳其人”—— 一台号称会下国际象棋的机器人，而它的真相是机器内部藏着一位人类象棋大师操控。据报道，亚马逊最初构思该产品，是为了给自家庞大电商网站完成海量的数据标注工作。　　据 AWS 官方文档，MTurk 平台巅峰时期拥有超 50 万名工作者，这些从业者被称作 “Turker”。数据劳工维权组织 Turkopticon 的组织者、数据工作者克里斯塔・帕沃洛夫斯基表示，近些年 MTurk 业务一直在走下坡路。

D | 　　自 MTurk 诞生以来，AI 模型技术飞速迭代；与此同时 Scale AI、Mercor、Prolific 等一批新兴数据初创企业入局，争抢 AI 训练的数据标注人力市场。

E | 　　亚马逊也曾瞄准 AI 训练的数据需求，把 MTurk 作为 SageMaker 平台的数据标注人力来源对外推广。AWS 文档中写道：“平台工作者一周 7 天、全天 24 小时在线。使用 Amazon Mechanical Turk 人力池处理人工复核与数据标注任务，通常可以获得最快的交付速度。”　　帕沃洛夫斯基表示，随着越来越多竞品数据标注平台出现，亚马逊投入在 MTurk 迭代优化上的资源越来越少，大量 MTurk 工作者转而流向其他竞争平台。　　亚马逊暂未回复媒体的置评请求。　　该平台产出的数据质量也一直饱受质疑。瑞士科研人员发表在 arXiv 上的一篇论文显示，高达 46% 的 MTurk 平台工作者会使用大语言模型完成分配给自己的任务。　　就在上个月，亚马逊已经停止接收 Mechanical Turk 的新客户，很多平台工作者当时就判断，这是服务即将关停的信号。　　帕沃洛夫斯基称，目前还有不少保险、旅游企业依赖 MTurk 的数据劳工，现在这些企业正匆忙寻找替代平台。　　帕沃洛夫斯基本人 2008 年休产假时就开始在 MTurk 接单补贴收入；2012 年失业之后，为了照顾有特殊需求的儿子，她转为全职做这份线上工作。2019 年她加入 Turkopticon 开展劳工维权，该组织最初只为 MTurk 从业者发声，后来覆盖到更广泛的数据工作群体。　　帕沃洛夫斯基介绍，MTurk 以及同类数据标注平台可以提供可观收入，工作时间灵活，和网约车、亚马逊 Flex 快递配送等零工岗位类似，额外优势在于可以居家办公，仅靠智能手机就能完成大部分工作。　　“现在还有不少人靠这份工作全职谋生，他们对此忧心忡忡。” 帕沃洛夫斯基说道。责任编辑：郭明煜。

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Published on:19:12:14